1
PARTS OF SPEECH NOTES
I. NOUNS
A.
Nouns name
1.)
People (Sue, Joe, nurse, firefighter, teacher)
2.)
Places (Juneau, school, Alaska, home, store)
3.)
Things (ball, desk, door, water, pencil)
4.)
Ideas (democracy, religion, politics, communism)
5.)
Qualities (happiness, love, faith, sadness, hope)
B.
Common Nouns- general name; no capital letter
(sister,
city)
C.
Proper Nouns- specific names; capital letter
(Jen,
Juneau)
* Articles- There are only 3 articles: a, an, the
They
are sometimes referred to as noun markers since they always refer to nouns.
II. PRONOUNS
A.
Pronouns stand for nouns (he,
she, it, we, they, everyone, someone…)
B.
The noun that the pronoun takes the
place of is called the antecedent
III. VERBS
A.
Verbs show an action or state of being (examples)
B.
3 Types of Verbs
1.) Action- tells the action
examples:
run, walk, throw, stand, sleep…
2.)
Linking- links the subject to a word which describes it
examples:
is, are, were, am, be, remain…
3.)
Helping- pair with another verb
examples:
could, should, am, are, may…
C. Examples of the Three Types of Verbs
1.) Action Verbs
Joe
ran to the store.
Susie
plays soccer.
We
sat on the couch.
I watched
a play.
2.) Linking Verbs
The
dog is happy.
The
backpack is blue.
We
are cold.
We
were wet.
The
coach was proud.
I feel
excited.
I am
hungry.
3.) Helping Verbs
The
fish is swimming.
We
are running quickly.
They
were watching a scary movie.
He
has been thinking about the test.
Louie
was walking on the trail.
Sarah
can play in the game today.
IV. ADJECTIVES
A.
Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns
1.)
Adjectives tell...
a.)
Which one (this, that, my left hand)
b.)
What kind; describe (hairy, smart, etc., beautiful sunset)
c.)
How many (twenty eggs)
2.)
Use Adjectives with linking verbs to describe or rename the subject
It
is slow.
(pronoun-linking
verb-adjective)
The
cat is furry.
(article*-noun-linking
verb-adjective)
Sometimes
we have a whole long list of adjectives used to describe just one
noun!
The
gigantic, frightening, purple, angry, towering, strong,
red-eyed,
green-toothed, four-headed monster ate me up.
V. ADVERBS
A.
Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, and adverbs
1.)
Adverbs tell...
a.)
Where (I ran there.)
b.)
When (I ran yesterday.)
c.)
How (I ran fast)
d.)
How often or how long (I run frequently)
B.
Adverbs are adjectives with an “ly” at the end
She
ran quickly.
(pronoun-verb-adverb)
C.
Use adverbs with action verbs to describe the action
He
jumped high.
(pronoun-action
verb-adverb)
VI. PREPOSITIONS
A.
A preposition begins a phrase which adds information to a sentence
1.)
Prepositional Phrases can add information about:
where
(to school, over the
bridge, around, the tree, in the sea)
when
(after dinner, before, lunch, during class)
or
possession (the water of the flood;)
Prepositional phrases end with NOUNS or
PRONOUNS
VII. CONJUNCTIONS
A.
A conjunction is a word that joins words or groups of words
B.
Correlative Conjunctions are used in pairs:
either
– or
neither
– nor
not
only – but also
VIII. INTERJECTIONS
A.
An interjection is a word which:
1.)
Expresses a feeling
2.)
Says yes or no
3.)
Calls attention
4.)
Indicates a pause or hesitation
B.
If an interjection expresses a really strong feeling it can stand alone even
though it’s not a complete sentence.
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